Membranes

Damage to RO Membranes by the Overuse of Ion-Exchange Resin Cleaning Chemicals in Pretreatment Softeners

By Timothy J. Miller

Membranes

Increasing the Effectiveness of RO Membranes by Improved Pretreatment

By Dave Brumfield and George J. Licina

High-Purity

High-Purity Ion Exchange Pretreatment

By David Paul

Membranes

Comparison of Membrane and Granular Media Pretreatment, Toxin, and Boron Rejection Results and Energy Recovery Update in Carlsbad, Calif.

By Jonathan A. Dietrich, P.E., and Nikolay Voutchkov

RO & DI pretreatment to remove oils and organics and allow for process water reuse

By Kirk Abbott & Doug Dittburner

Pretreatment for reverse osmosis systems

By Douglas P. Glanz

Optimizing pretreatment: A key to downstream equipment performance

By Robert L. Bryant

Organics, TOC, Color, Turbidity, and SDI pretreatment for unit operations

By Susan L. Coulter

Pretreatment requirements for reverse osmosis systems

By William F. Harfst

Recent developments in RO and pretreatment technologies

By Wayne Bates & Ronald Stier