AMMONIA BIOCIDES BROMINE CHLORINE COOLING TOWERS CORROSION GLUTERALDHYDE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE MICROBIAL CONTROL pH REUSE SEMICONDUCTORS WASTEWATER MIOX

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Abstract

Disinfection of cooling water containing ammonia poses unique challenges to oxidizing biocides such as chlorine or bromine. Both chlorine and bromine can react with ammonia to produce chloramines and bromamines, which are typically regarded as having lower microbicidal activity as compared to the free halogens. In these scenarios, no oxidizing biocides such as isothiazolin and glutaraldehyde are used to supplement chlorine and bromine in order to achieve the desired levels of control over cooling water microbial populations. Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS), a hypochlorite-based oxidant solution produced through the electrolysis of sodium chloride brines, has been shown to be highly effective at inactivating bacteria, even in high pH environments typically encountered in cooling towers. In this article, we will show that MOS is also highly effective as a disinfectant when applied to ammonia-containing cooling water.

Awareness of the broad issues surrounding the increasing scarcity of freshwater supplies, especially in the western and southwestern United States, is driving many companies to find ways to increase the life of waters used in various industrial processes. This is especially true in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, where industry leaders are engaged in a number of programs aimed at minimizing freshwater consumption and increasing the amount of water reuse within manufacturing facilities. Internal reuse of process wastewaters for cooling systems is often an easy approach which can lead to the increased use of water in an industrial setting. However, proper treatment of these waters is required to ensure the reuse water does not interfere with cooling processes.

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