BIOCONTROL CHLORINE DESALINATION ECONOMICS ION EXCHANGE REVERSE OSMOSIS

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Abstract

imited water availability has regulators, water management districts and municipalities looking for drought-proof, reliable water supplies. Seawater desalination is a technically viable solution to the water shortages in the United States; however, this technical viability has to be considered along with the water costs associated with the treatment of seawater. Feedwater seawater typically has a total dissolved solids (TDS) content of 35,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L). This translates into a higher feed pressure, as well as, more expensive materials of construction. Some coastal communities have access to lower salinity seawater (15,000 to 25,000 mg/L TDS), due to fresh water contributions from surface run-off or fresh-water surface water bodies. Lower salinity and /or fluctuations in salinity can result in other challenges. Coastal communities such as the Florida Keys and Tampa Bay have used seawater desalination successfully, and several other coastal communities may soon be considering this alternative water supply. New projects in Carlsbad, Calif., and Huntington Beach, Calif., are well underway.

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