ION EXCHANGE ORGANICS PRETREATMENT SEMICONDUCTORS

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Abstract

This article is an overview of the developments in water purification prior to and including the first high-purity water plant in the television and semiconductor industries. Water purification for purposes other than drinking and washing can be traced back many centuries. Steam heat, steam engines, power plant steam generators, and steam turbines used purified water. The condensed steam from these processes was always more pure than the purest that water treatment plants of the day could make. This was a conundrum. There should be a way to make pure water without boiling it. Now we have high-purity water that has a quality that industry requires. High quality ion exchange (IX) water treatment came next. While some natural elements were used in IX in the first half of the 20th century primarily for water softening, it was not until 1935 that two Englishmen discovered that crushed phonograph records had better IX properties than did naturally occurring minerals. While synthetic resins were a milestone, they presented new problems. Organics even in small amounts would foul them, chlorine would fragment them, and small particles would pass right through them. Synthetic resin had an expected life span.

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