BOILERS CHEMICAL TREATMENT COOLING TOWERS COPPER CORROSION FLOCCULANTS FOULING MEMBRANES PRETREATMENT REVERSE OSMOSIS SCALING WASTEWATER ZINC

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Abstract

Many industrial systems that use untreated water face the challenge of controlling the deposition of undesirable materials on heat exchangers, pipes, pumps, and other functional parts (1). Among the affected areas are boiler, cooling, desalination, geothermal, and many other production processes. The problems associated with the deposit formation include: Corrosion of heat exchangers, pumps, pipes, and other metallic surfaces. Reduced heat transfer. Poor quality, and reduced quantity of product from reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Flow restrictions, including blocked pipes, heat exchangers, and nozzles. Increased energy consumption. Premature heat exchangers, membranes, and equipment replacement. Increased cleaning of membranes and heat exchangers. Unscheduled system shut-down. Increased operational costs. Over the years, environmental restrictions coupled with water conservation measures have come to make these problems increasingly challenging to solve. Thus, deposit control treatment has become an essential to the efficient operation of the industrial water systems.

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