DISTILLATION PETROLEUM PRODUCED WATER REUSE SURFACE WATER WASTEWATER

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Abstract

Natural gas represents an important energy source for the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Energyﾒs (DOEﾒs) Energy Information Administration (EIA), about 22% of the countryﾒs energy needs are provided by natural gas. Historically, natural gas was produced from conventional vertical wells drilled into porous hydrocarbon-containing formations. During the past decade, operators have increasingly looked to other unconventional sources of natural gas, such as coal bed methane, tight gas sands, and gas shale. EIA projections of the source of natural gas supplies through 2030 indicate that unconventional gas supplies are anticipated to play an increasingly important role. Some of the busiest and most productive oil and gas activities in the country today are shale gas plays.

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